Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Global Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal WomenWomen's Health Initiative Memory Study

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Abstract
Age-associated memory impairment affects an estimated one fifth to one third of older individuals and has important individual, family, and societal costs.1,2 In older postmenopausal women, the potential impact of declining levels of sex hormones on cognitive functioning has received particular attention because of estrogen's presumptive beneficial effects on neurotransmitters,3 neuroconnectivity,4,5 and neuroprotection.6 Observational studies have suggested that long-term hormone therapy may attenuate cognitive aging in postmenopausal women, although randomized clinical trial results are inconsistent.7-12