Quantitative analysis of bone mineral content by x-ray microtomography

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Abstract
A new non-destructive method based on x-ray microtomography (micro-CT) was developed to measure calcium density in bone. X-ray micro-CT was used as a quantitative approach to acquire and reconstruct virtual cross-sections through the sample. Accurate beam-hardening correction was implemented. Grey values in the virtual cross-sections were calibrated as calcium mineral density in bone. From these cross-sections, three-dimensional models were created. Calcium content was calculated directly from images and expressed as percentage per volume and per weight. Calcium mineral density was studied by this method in a unique set of bones isolated from newts (Pleurodeles waltlii Michah) that had travelled into space. A demineralization of 10% was shown as a consequence of sustained micro-gravity.