Tunable and white light-emitting diodes of monolayer fluorinated benzoxazole graft copolymers

Coil-like graft copolymers of $\mathrm{poly}({\mathrm{A}}_m\mathrm{-co-}{\mathrm{B}}_{\text{(1−m)}})$ containing identical heterocyclic aromatic benzoxazole with trifluoromethyl-ethyl as the backbone and pendants of monohydroxl $({\mathrm{A}}_m)$ and/or bidecyloxyl $({\mathrm{B}}_{\text{(1−m)}})$ on their phenylene ring were studied for luminescence properties. The copolymers were synthesized with molar fraction m ranging from 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, to 1, and then dissolved and spun onto a Spectrosil^® quartz slide or an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The fluorescence properties of copolymers were investigated by ultraviolet–visible absorption covering 185 nm to 800 nm and photoluminescence (PL) emission excited at 363 nm. The PL results exhibited an excellent chromatic tuning, ranging from green to white emission as m decreased. Aluminum electron injectors were evaporated onto the copolymer/ITO unit making it into monolayer light-emitting diodes for current–voltage and electroluminescence (EL) responses. An emission threshold voltage of 6 V was achieved for all the monolayer copolymer devices. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of the EL emission were from (0.25, 0.53) to (0.24,0.31) covering a wide visible range including white light emission.