Combined Ips/Ceratocystis attack on Norway spruce, and defensive mechanisms of the trees1
- 12 January 1983
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie
- Vol. 96 (1-5) , 110-118
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1983.tb03650.x
Abstract
The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, infects Norway spruce trees with blue‐stain fungi, amongst which several species of Ceratocystis are found. Artificial inoculation of healthy trees with C. polonica caused in several cases increased water stress of the trees, and complete sapwood staining.The defences of spruce against Ips/Ceratocystis attack appear to depend on 1. the output of constitutive resin from severed resin ducts, and 2. accumulation of secondary resin around the attack sites. Our preliminary studies indicate that the amount of both types of resin may vary considerably between trees, as well as from place to place on the same tree. A dose/response experiment based on artificial inoculation of C. polonica indicated that at a certain dose (i.e. number of infections per unit area), the accumulation of secondary resin decreased, and the fungus was able to overcome the host defence.Zusammenfassung: Kombinierter Befall von Ips und Ceratocystis an Fichte und Abwehrmechanismen der BäumeDer Fichtenborkenkäfer Ips typographus infiziert seine Wirtsbäume mit Bläuepilzen, insbesondere verschiedene Arten von Ceratocystis. Künstliche Infektion gesunder Fichten mit C. polonica führte in mehreren Fällen zu einem gestörten Wasserhaushalt der Bäume und vollständiger Verfärbung des Splintholzes. Die Abwehrmechanismen der Fichte gegen Ips/Ceratocystis‐Befall beruhen offenbar auf 1. der Menge des Harzaustritts aus verletztem Gewebe und 2. der Anreicherung von Wundharz im Bereich der Befallsstellen. Unsere Vorversuche weisen darauf hin, daß die Menge von Primär‐ und Sekundärharz von Baum zu Baum und auch innerhalb eines Baumes sehr verschieden sein kann. Ein quantitativer Versuch zur künstlichen Infektion von Fichte mit C. polonica führte ab einer bestimmten Infektionsstärke zur Abnahme der Wundharzproduktion, so daß der Pilz den Wirt erfolgreich besiedeln konnte.Keywords
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