Purification and characterisation of an archaebacterial succinate dehydrogenase complex from the plasma membrane of the thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

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Abstract
A succinate dehydrogenase complex was isolated in a three‐step purification from plasma membranes of the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. It consists of four subunits; a, 66 kDa; b, 31 kDa; c, 28 kDa and d, 12.8 kDa. In the 141‐kDa native protein, the four subunits are present in an equimolar stoichiometry. The complex contains acid‐non‐extractable flavin, iron and acid‐labile sulphide. Maximal succinate dehydrogenase activities were recorded at pH 6.5, which coincides with the internal pH of Sulfolobus cells. The temperature optimum of 81°C defines the Sulfolobus succinate dehydrogenase as a thermophilic enzyme complex. The Km for succinate was found to be 1.42 mM (55°C). Similar to the mitochondrial soluble succinate dehydrogenase, this enzyme is capable of transferring electrons to artifical electron acceptors, for instance phenazine methosulfate, N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine and ferricyanide. In contrast to the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, the archaebacterial enzyme reduces 1,4‐dichloroindophenol also in the absence of phenazine methosulfate. Calderiella quinone, the physiological electron mediator in the Sulfolobus respiratory chain, was only slowly reduced under adjusted conditions. The succinate–phenazine methosulfate‐(1,4‐dichloroindophenol) oxidoreductase of the isolated complex was strongly inhibited by tetrachlorobenzoquinone. In plasma membranes the complex reduces molecular oxygen in a cyanide‐sensitive reaction. Polyclonal Sulfolobus anti‐a antibodies crossreacted with 66–67‐kDa polypeptides from membranes of Thermoplasma acidophilium, Sulfolobus solfataricus and beef heart submitochondrial particles.