Abstract
Unions under socialism had little involvement in industrial relations. They were primarily concerned with supporting communist power through a welfare function. Independent workers’ organizations emerged under Gorbachev, but they were very small compared with the official unions. The transition to a market has led to a reconsolidation of paternalistic corporatism. Social tension has been defused as the official and new unions have jostled for position, all failing to become a channel for employee grievances. The official unions’ frequently militant rhetoric belies passivity, the roots of which are grounded in the continuation of past practices. The workers’ movement has had little influence on Russian political development, although the current situation cannot be stable.

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