Optimization of Pedaling Rate in Cycling Using a Muscle Stress-Based Objective Function

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Abstract
Relying on a five-bar linkage model of the lower limb/bicycle system, intersegmental forces and moments are computed over a full crank cycle. Experimental data enabling the solution of intersegmental loads consist of measured crank arm and pedal angles together with the driving pedal force components. Intersegmental loads are computed as a function of pedaling rate while holding the average power over a crank cycle constant. Using an algorithm that avoids redundant equations, stresses are computed in 12 lower limb muscles. Stress computations serve to evaluate a muscle stress-based objective function. The pedaling rate that minimizes the objective function is found to be in the range of 95–100 rpm. In solving for optimal pedaling rate, the muscle stresses are examined over a complete crank cycle. This examination provides insight into the functional roles of individual muscles in cycling.