Influence of the Air-Gap on Surface Density Gauge

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Abstract
The calculations for the single scattering of gamma-rays were made on the case where the surface density gauge was apart from the material surface. Conditions in which the relative error in density caused by the presence of the air-gap was small were inferred from the calculations by assuming several geometrical factors. From these calculations and experiments, it was evidently seen that the relative error was small in the cases where the solid angle of the incidence of gamma rays was small and where the separation distance between the source and the detector was enlarged. If the separations expressed in the mean free path for the different source energies were kept to be equal, the relative error was also small in the case of the high energy source. The measurements of wet densities were made on the rammed soils of two types by using a gauge of the backscatter type, compared with one of the transmission type.

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