End Group Effects in Polymer Modification of Calcium Carbonate Fillers

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Abstract
Two types of polymer, e.g., polybutadiene and poly(oxy-2-butenyleneoxyfumaroyl), having four different end groups, were prepared and used to treat ground and precipitated calcium carbonate fillers. The coupling effects of the polymer modifiers were evaluated from the physical properties of the filler-loaded vulcanizates of sulfur-cured SBR and peroxide-cured EPDM. The phosphate-terminated polymer was found to be an excellent surface modifier of the ground calcium carbonate filler. For the precipitated calcium carbonate filler of superfine grade, higher coupling effects were attained by the phosphates having relatively small alkyl groups. The modification mechanism is also discussed by taking into account the results of infrared spectroscopy, x-ray analysis, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron micrography, and BET analysis.

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