Upper mantle structure from the Trans‐Australia Seismic Survey (TASS) and other seismic refraction data

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Abstract
The recordings made during 1972 from large explosions at Kunanalling (W.A.), Mount Fitton (S.A.). and Bass Strait have added considerably to seismic refraction data measured over distances of 1000 km in continental Australia. Taken together with data from the 1956 Maralinga atomic bomb and 1970–71 Ord Dam explosions they show the existence of a refractor with apparent P‐wave velocity in the range 8.26–8.29 km/s, which is interpreted as the Moho under shield regions, at a depth of 34 km under Kalgoorlie and deepening eastward to 39 km under Maralinga. In northern South Australia and farther north and east this refractor is evident as a sub‐Moho refractor at a depth of about 60 km; the Moho refractor is also evident, with an apparent P velocity of 8.04 ± 0.04 km/s at a depth of 40 km. Two computer models (TASS‐1a and 2a) match the observed data. The subsequent arrivals recorded are consistent with the velocity of 8.53 km/s in a refractor at 165 km depth interpreted from the Ord Dam; there is little conclusive evidence for a low‐velocity zone above this depth.

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