Lack of Shielding of Primer Binding Site Silencer-Mediated Repression of an Internal Promoter in a Retrovirus Vector by the Putative Insulators scs, BEAD-1, and HS4

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Abstract
A major determinant for transcriptional incompetence of murine leukemia virus (MLV) and MLV-derived vectors in embryonal cells is located at the proline primer binding site (PBS). The mechanism of silencing is unknown, yet the effect is capable of spreading to adjacent promoters. Based on a retroviral vector containing an internal promoter and the escape mutant B2 PBS with expressional capacity in embryonal cells, we have developed an assay to test the ability of putative insulators to shield the silencer at the PBS. Since the B2 PBS reverts to the wild-type PBS at high frequency, a shielding ability of a putative insulator can be assessed from the ratio of expressing B2 PBS to proline PBS proviruses in the target embryonal carcinoma cell population as measured by primer extension. Our results show that none of the possible insulators, scs, BEAD-1, or HS4, is able to shield an internal promoter from the repressive effect of the silencer at the PBS region when inserted between the silencer and the promoter.