Overwintering of Heliothis zea in Southwestern Oklahoma 1

Abstract
Heliothis zea (Boddie) pupae were tested for overwinter survival in alfalfa, cotton, and native grasslands. Survival was high in all areas until midwinter, then dropped off sharply. Less than 0.5% of the pupae survived in alfalfa and native grasslands and none survived in cotton fields. Plowing cotton fields destroyed the pupae quickly. Emergence from natural populations was also low, with less than 200/acre surviving.

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