High-Throughput Bioanalytical LC/MS/MS Determination of Benzodiazepines in Human Urine: 1000 Samples per 12 Hours

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Abstract
The analytical capabilities of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive and highly selective determination of target compounds in complex biological samples makes it well suited for high-throughput analysis. We report the fast separation of six benzodiazepines isolated from human urine via selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using short dwell times to accommodate fast-eluting chromatographic peaks. The analytes were extracted from human urine samples along with their deuterium-labeled internal standards by a simple liquid−liquid extraction in 96-well plates. Using four autosamplers coupled to one chromatographic column and one tandem mass spectrometer operated in the turbo ion spray mode with positive ion detection, 1152 samples (12 96-well plates) were analyzed in less than 12 h. Through an electronic switching box designed and constructed in-house, the autosamplers were synchronized with the mass spectrometer so that injections were made as soon as the mass spectrometer was ready to collect data. Each run required 30 s to complete with another 7−8 s for the data system to load the next data file to be collected. Chromatographic integrity and ion current response remained relatively constant for the duration of the analyses. The results show acceptable precision and accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of using fast separations with tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of biological samples containing multiple analytes.