Double-Blind Intervention Trial on Modulation of Ozone Effects on Pulmonary Function by Antioxidant Supplements

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the acute effects of ozone on lung function could be modulated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation in a placebo-controlled study. Lung function was measured in Dutch bicyclists (n = 38) before and after each training session on a number of occasions (n = 380) during the summer of 1996. The vitamin group (n = 20) received 100 mg of vitamin E and 500 mg of vitamin C daily for 15 weeks. The average ozone concentration during exercise was 77 μg/m3 (range, 14–186 μg/m3). After exclusion of subjects with insufficient compliance from the analysis, a difference in ozone exposure of 100 μg/m3 decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 95 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) −265 to −53) in the placebo group and 1 ml (95% CI −94 to 132) in the vitamin group; for forced vital capacity, the change was −125 ml (95% CI −384 to −36) in the placebo group and −42 ml (95% CI −130 to 35) in the vitamin group. The differences in ozone effect on lung function between the groups were statistically significant. The results suggest that supplementation with the antioxidant vitamins C and E confers partial protection against the acute effects of ozone on FEV1 and forced vital capacity in cyclists. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:306–14.

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