Seesaw Maser Operation

Abstract
Cross relaxation between adjacent intervals may be used to secure an advantage in maser operation comparable to that obtained by ``push‐pull'' pumping. Equations for the rate of change of populations in a scheme of four levels (A,B,C,D) when AC is pumped and cross relaxation takes place between BC, CD have been formulated, and the steady‐state condition corresponding to various assumptions regarding lattice relaxation times is discussed. In an experimental investigation of maser operation based on this scheme and using ruby as the active material, an inversion of 0.9:1 was obtained at a signal frequency of 14.5 kMc when pumping at 24.5 kMc.

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