Small-signal responses realizable from d.c.-biased devices

Abstract
It is suggested that there are realizability criteria pertaining to active as well as to passive systems. In particular, the small-signal stability properties of an active electrical network cannot be realized in practice unless the network conforms to certain limitations. Criteria are derived for small-signal immittances and afterwards extended to immittance matrices.The notion of general realizability is interpreted in terms of the physical nature of an active device. The non-linearity inherent in all active devices is assumed to ‘function’ by means of a ‘diversion energy’. This restricts the validity of some methods of non-linear analysis.

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