Identification of Maize Viruses and Mollicutes and Their Potential Insect Vectors in Peru

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Abstract
Maize viruses and mollicutes and their potential vectors were surveyed in Peru. Locations and departments were the coastal valleys between Lima and Barranca (Lima), the Andean valleys of Urubamba and Calca (Cuzco), a high tropical valley near Tarapoto (San Martin) and the Callejon de Huaylas, a mountain valley between Malpaso and Caraz (Ancash). Left samples from 27 diseased plants were assayed. The following pathogens were detected by the methods indicated: corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) by dark-field light microscopy, maize bushy stunt mycoplasma (MBSM) by Dalbulus maidis transmission and diagnostic symptoms in sweet corn, maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) and immunomicroprecipitin assay (MPA), a rhabdovirus presumed to be maize mosaic virus (MMV) by EM of negatively stained sap, maize stripe virus (MStpV) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immune agar-gel double diffusion assay, maize dwarf mosaic virus strain A (MDMV-A) by EIA and maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) by IF and MPA. Maize rayado fino virus, MMV and MCMV were detected in maize samples and MDMV-A from Johnson grass from Lima; MBSM, MRFV, MMV and MCMV from Ancash and CSS, MRFV, MMV, MStpV and MDMV-A from San Martin. No maize with virus symptoms was observed in Cuzco. Prior to this survey, only MCMV and MRFV were identified from Peru. D. maidis (vector of CSS, MBSM and MRFV) and Peregrinus maidis (vector of MMV and MStpV) were collected from Lima, Ancash and San Martin; these are the 1st reports of these species from Peru.

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