Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes

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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy and confocal Raman imaging with 514 nm excitation was performed on recently developed ultralong carbon nanotubes grown by the “fast-heating” chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The ultralong nanotubes are found to consist of both semiconducting and metallic types, with spectra that are consistent with the nanotubes being single walled. Characterization of nanotube diameters shows that short nanotubes appearing near the sample catalyst region have a broader distribution than is observed for the ultralong nanotubes. The narrow diameter distribution is determined by uniformity of catalyst particle size and gives additional evidence for the proposed “kite” mechanism for long nanotube growth. Raman imaging was performed over large length scales (up to 140 μm). Imaging reveals the ultralong nanotubes to be of high quality, with a very low defect density. Variations in G-band frequencies and intensity demonstrate the occurrence of minor structural changes and variations in nanotube−substrate interaction along the length of the nanotubes. Evidence also demonstrates that larger structural changes resulting in a full chirality change can occur in these nanotube types to produce a metal-to-semiconductor intramolecular junction.