In Vitro Rabbit Corneal Permeability Study of Ketorolac, Tromethamine, a non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent

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Abstract
In vitro rabbit corneal studies utilizing ketorolac tromethamine were designed to 1) determine its permeability at different pH levels; 2) study the effects of two commonly used ophthalmic preservatives on corneal permeability; and 3) study the corneal penetration effects through ion pairing of the anionic ketorolac with positively charged counter ions. The results indicate that ketorolac shows a pH dependent penetration; it also exhibits penetration in both the unionized as well as ionized form. Results of the preservative evaluation shows that benzalkonium chloride enhances penetration while Thimerosal has no effect. Evaluation of the counter ions paired with ketorolac gave penetration rates in the following descending, relative, order: quaternary ammonium compounds > guanidino compounds > aliphatic amines > alkali metal.