Effect of vibrational relaxation on rise times of shock waves in the atmosphere

Abstract
The effect of atmospheric absorption including vibrational relaxation absorption of N2 and O2 on shock wave rise times was presented in an earlier paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1208–1210 (1978)]. In this paper, velocity dispersion due to these same relaxation mechanisms is included. The added effect of dispersion is to lengthen predicted rise times except for large amplitude (peak pressure greater than 100 Pa) shocks. The rise times computed with both absorption and dispersion are in excellent agreement with experimental data. This finding suggests that atmospheric turbulence has little or no effect on measured rise times.
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