Development of auditory localization in dogs: Single source and precedence effect sounds

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Abstract
The development of auditory localization in dogs was investigated in a litter of 12 pups. Behavioral auditory localization consisted of orienting responses to dog vocalizations presented from loudspeakers 90 degrees to each side. Sounds were presented in two configurations, single source (only one loudspeaker) and precedence effect (both loudspeakers, with one slightly leading the other). Localization began around 16 days after birth, for single-source sounds. This is consistent with previous observations and with findings on dogs' auditory neural development. Single-source sounds were localized earlier during development than precedence-effect sounds. This ordering resembles findings on human infants and can be related to neuroanatomical investigations of mammalian brain structures mediating single source versus precedence effect localization.