Effects of Electrical Fields upon Regeneration in the Metazoa

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Abstract
This discussion briefly reviews some of the most important literature concerning the effects of electrical currents upon regeneration in the Metazoa, including results of experiments upon both invertebrate and vertebrate forms. In addition, a brief description is presented of an original experiment demonstrating the orientation of stolonal growth in an electric field in Peropliora viridis (Protochordata). In general, the effects may be divided into two categories: those associated with polarity and orientation of growth, and those associated with the state of differentiation of the cell. The modes of action of the electric current are considered to be probably twofold: transfer of information-bearing molecules from cell to cell; and direct effect of current upon membrane-permeability, cellular movement, and metabolic stale. In addition, the hormonal state of the organism, at least in the vertebrates, is probably important in modulating the effect.

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