Use of Multivariate Analyses to Characterize the Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) Winter Habitat

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Abstract
Wintering sites of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), were investigated in San Luis Obispo County, California, during 1988-1990. Measured environmental parameters associated with the cluster trees of Monterey pine and eucalyptus did not differ significantly between species. The winter sites had lower light intensities, solar radiation, wind velocities, and higher vapor pressure deficit than a nonoverwintering grove. Multivariate diagnosis analyses characterized suitable and unsuitable cluster areas within a winter grove. The microclimate of cluster trees was greatly influenced by trees surrounding the roosting areas.

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