Bipolar charge and current distributions in organic light-emitting diodes

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Abstract
The electron and hole charge distributions and the luminance profile in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) depend upon the bulk properties of the emissive layer, as well as on the injection characteristics at the anode and cathode interfaces. We address the problem of separating the relative contributions of hole injection, electron injection, and recombination to the overall performance of single layer OLED devices. Using the approach of Parmenter and Ruppel [J. Appl. Phys. 30, 1548 (1959)], and including Langevin recombination, expressions are derived for the current–voltage and radiance–current dependencies in terms of electron and hole mobility, luminescence yield, and a “current balance” factor. When one carrier dominates the current flow, as in many practical cases, it is possible to obtain a simple asymptotic relationship which permits a test of the assumptions required to obtain the analytic solution. Experimental data from poly(2-methoxy-5(2′-ethyl)hexoxy-phenylenevinylene) diodes fabricated with various anode and cathode materials are evaluated in the context of this analytical approach.

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