Monitoring of abiotic compartments for trace metals: Difficulties, strategies and the use of surveys

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Abstract
The high variabilility in coastal water parameters allows no effective large scale monitoring exercise within acceptable logistic and economic means; however, in the ideal case monitoring of marine pollution should comprise biotic and abiotic compartments. Different regions, e.g. turbulent, polluted, turbid coastal areas, relative clear clean open sea and relatively undisturbed sediments require their specific approach, for which strategies are presented. Based on surveys from the Dutch Wadden Sea and North Sea, the dissolved and particulate water fractions and sediment are discussed in terms of possible objects for monitoring.