Stark effect on the lowest excited state of the 2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl radical in a durene host crystal

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Abstract
The magnitude of the vector difference between the dipole moments of the ground state and the first excited electronic state of the 2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl radical in a durene host crystal is determined to be 0.40 D with 10% accuracy from the frequency modulation of the fluorescence in an alternating electric field. From the Stark data and the temperature dependence of the spectra, it is concluded that several different orientations of the duryl radical in the host crystal can be present, depending upon the experimental conditions. These orientations result from the recoil of the duryl radical in the photodissociation process.