Blood compatibility of hydrophilic polymers

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Abstract
Blood compatibility has been studied for hydrophilic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), its derivative, and polyethylene grafted with water‐soluble monomers. The surfaces in contact with electrolyte solutions have been characterized by measuring the zeta potentials. The study of plasma protein adsorption on these polymers has revealed that bovine serum albumin as well as bovine serum fibrinogen adsorbs to a lesser extent as the hydrophilicity of the polymers increases. Platelet deposition and fibrin formation, examined using platelet‐rich plasma, have been found to take place less significantly on PVA as well as sodium acrylate‐ and acrylamide‐grafted polyethylene than on nongrafted and acrylic acid‐grafted polyethylene. Ex vivo experiments with canine whole blood have shown that formation of thrombus on PVA is less than on siliconized glass but increases upon heat treatment which reduces the hydrophilicity. When PVA tubes of about 1 mm diameter are anastomosed to the carotid artery of rat, the patency rate is found to depend strongly on the anastomotic technique. From the results on the zeta potential and the experiments in vitro and ex vivo it can be concluded that the material having a surface from which solvated, neutral chains are extended into the outer aqueous phase may exhibit excellent resistance to thrombus formation.