Seasonal Development of Foliage Infestations of Grape in Ontario by Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae)

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Abstract
In the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, leaf galls produced by fundatrices of the grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch), first appear soon after the beginning of shoot growth. The infestation builds up later as the result of almost continuous gall formation by at least four overlapping generations of gallicolae, until at the end of the growing season galls may be up to 2000 times more numerous than in the fundatrix generation. A portion of the first-instar crawlers hatched in leaf galls migrate, fall, or are blown from the foliage to the soil, beginning when second-generation gallicolae hatch, and reaching a maximum late in August, probably after the fourth-generation gallicolae begin to hatch.

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