Development of Precision Instruments for Artificial Insemination of Queen Bees

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Abstract
Early but usually unsuccessful attempts to control the mating of the queenbee are discussed briefly. Artificial insemination is accomplished most easily when the queen is quiet and relaxed. This condition is attained by the use of an anesthetic, especially CO2. Seminal fluids are injected into the queen with a micro-syringe. Improved instruments made by Nolan for holding the queen firmly and for opening the sting chamber were redesigned and improved by Roberts and Mackensen and new type instruments were designed by the writer in 1948. These last include a queen manipulator and a syringe manipulator which are descr. with instructions for use.