The oxidative dealkylation of insecticidal phosphoric acid triesters by mammalian liver enzymes

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Abstract
1. The dealkylation of the insecticidal phosphoric acid triester, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethyl phosphate, proceeds in mammalian liver slices via an oxidative mechanism and not by hydrolysis. 2. The enzyme that catalyses the reaction is located in the microsomal fraction of liver homogenate and is dependent for activity on molecular oxygen and NADPH. 3. There are large species differences between rat, mouse, rabbit and dog in the activity of the enzymes, the relative rates of dealkylation being 1, 8, 24 and 88 respectively in liver slices. 4. Dimethyl and di-isopropyl phosphate triesters are also dealkylated by rabbit liver microsomal preparations. 5. The mechanism of dealkylation involves hydroxylation at the α-carbon atom of an alkyl group, which is removed as the corresponding aldehyde, and is thus analogous to that of similar reactions catalysed by the microsomal mixed-function oxidases. 6. The relevance of these findings in the toxicology of phosphoric acid triesters is discussed.