Effects of a Transfusion with a Blood Substitute (Fluosol-DA, 20%) on Cerebral Circulation in the Monkey

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Abstract
Local cerebral blood flow (ICBF) and electroencephalogram were monitored in six monkeys after a transfusion using a perfluorochemical suspension (Fluosol-DA, 20%) that has been manufactured as a blood substitute and is known to be synthetic, biologically inert, and nontoxic and to have a high capacity for carrying oxygen. The animals were mechanically ventilated, and blood gases were maintained at physiological levels. Fluosol-DA, 20% was administered either by an exchange transfusion of 20 ml/kg or by an infusion of 8 ml/kg followed by an exchange transfusion of 12 ml/kg. ICBF was measured using the hydrogen clearance technique. An equation was proposed to estimate the tissue-blood partition coefficient of hydrogen; this coefficient is considered to be dependent upon the amount of perfluorochemicals in the blood and was used to calculate ICBF. Systemic blood pressure, pulse rate, central venous pressure, electroencephalogram, and gas analysis of the blood from the femoral artery, the femoral vein, and the superior sagittal sinus showed little change throughout the experiment. ICBF was increased by 12% (p<0.005) after the infusion of Fluosol-DA, 20% of 8 ml/kg and by 31% (p<0.02) after the exchange transfusion. Hyperventilation reduced ICBF significantly (p<0.005), which implies that the reactivity of the cerebral blood vessels to hypocarbia was not impaired by the administration of Fluosol-DA, 20%. Both the results of this study and the physical properties of Fluosol-DA, 20% suggest that this blood substitute can safely be used for normal human brains and that it might also be effective for ischemic brains.

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