Population densities and optimal aircraft flight paths

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Abstract
Hart P. E. (1973) Population densities and optimal aircraft flight paths, Reg. Studies 7, 137–151. The official policy of concentrating aircraft flight paths in Minimum Noise Routes is based on the famous Noise and Number Index (NNI) estimated from statistical surveys. This and similar measures of environmental quality are based on ordinal measures of disutility which are determinate only up to a monotonic transformation. Ordinal measures of disutility cannot be used to compile a cardinal index number such as the NNI. Moreover, the statistical surveys contain fundamental errors and should not be used, not even to compile ordinal measures. An alternative approach to this problem, based on modern welfare economics, using probit analysis, utility functions and game theory, concludes that aircraft dispersal is preferable to concentration.

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