Release of Guttation Fluid from Passive Hydathodes of Intact Barley Plants. I. Structural and Cytological Aspects

Abstract
The structural details of the guttating tips of 7-day-old barley leaves were studied as a basis for a subsequent report on the physiology of guttation. The walls of the vessels at the tips of leaves bear many pits and are rather thin, appearing neither cutinized nor lignified. This could facilitate a direct passage of solutes out of the xylary system through the leaf apoplast and out to the leaf surface via hydathode openings. The latter are formed by modified stomatal guard cells, and there are no specially differentiated epithem, epithelium or gland hair like structures that could serve an active elimination of guttation. Xylem parenchyma cells and the peculiar mesophyll cells with dense cytoplasm, numerous mitochondria, an extended ER system and a considerable formation of small vesicles in the leaf tip could modify the content of the guttated fluid along the route of transport.

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