Structure−Activity Relationships of 2‘-Fluoro-2‘,3‘-unsaturated d-Nucleosides as Anti-HIV-1 Agents

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Abstract
We studied the structure−activity relationships of a series of 2‘-fluoro-2‘,3‘-unsaturated d-nucleosides against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. The target compounds 10−21 and 28−33 were prepared by N-glycosylation of the acetate 4, which was readily prepared from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde in five steps. Among the newly synthesized nucleosides, 2-amino-6-chloropurine (11), adenine (14), inosine (16), guanine (18), 2,6-diaminopurine (20), and 5-fluorocytosine (30) derivatives were found to exhibit interesting anti-HIV activities with EC50 values of 4.3, 0.44, 1.0, 2.6, 3.0, and 0.82 μM, respectively. The implications for drug resistance of the titled nucleosides with respect to lamivudine-resistant variants (M184V) were also examined, and no significant cross-resistance with the variants was observed with the d-series.