Analysis of trans-specific evolution in Cretaceous ostracods

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Abstract
During the middle Cretaceous, exceptional ecologic conditions developed in the Tarfayan Basin (SW Morocco) marked by the deposition of marls and limestones, rich in organic matter. The ostracod fauna of the Cenomanian to Coniacian consisted of a few ornamentally stable species. Towards the close of the Turonian, Oertliella? tarfayaensis became dimorphic at the top of its range, the new morph with smooth lateral zones being the undoubted ancestor of Oertliella? chouberti. The multivariate morphometric evolutionary pattern for O.? tarfayaensis fluctuates about a stationary value in a manner which could reflect evolutionary stasis. The passage from the ancestral to the descendant species took between 1 × 105 and 2 × 105 yr. At the multivariate level, the transition could have taken place by random genetic drift with, or without, selective effects. At the univariate level, there is no clear evidence for either of these mechanisms. The phenotype is regionally stable which suggests that a non-genetic origin of the change is unlikely. An alternative model for the speciation event is allopatric speciation in a peripheral isolate and immigration. The Late Turonian morph may have resulted from environmentally cued polymorphism with elimination of the original morph due to a long term ecologic change, possibly connected with an increase in silica in the environment.