Treatment of Tumor-Induced Osteolysis by APD

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Abstract
Hypercalcemia is the cause of severe clinical symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, dehydration, renal failure, disorientation, and coma, and it can be lethal. It is primarily caused by malignant diseases (Fisken et al. 1980). Hypercalcemia of malignancy, also called “hypercalcemia of cancer,” “malignant hypercalcemia,” or “tumor-induced hypercalcemia,” is one of the most common metabolic complications of cancer (Mundy et al. 1984), and its cumulative incidence has been estimated at around 10% (Blomqvist 1986). It occurs in a great variety of cancers, in some cases independently of the presence of detectable bone metastases, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (“humoral hypercalcemia of cancer”) (Mundy et al. 1984). It is primarily due to increased bone resorption, and to a lesser degree in some tumors to increased tubular reabsorption of calcium, especially in squamous cell cancer. It is potentiated by dehydration.