SOIL LIMITATIONS TO CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN CANADA

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Abstract
The highest crop yields obtained in a region are usually much lower than the potential yields estimated from light interception. The roles of soil characteristics and soil-root interrelations as causes of the failure to achieve the potential yields are discussed. It is concluded that, on our best soils, it is possible to overcome all limitations with the exception of soil temperature and possibly some mechanical impedance to root growth. It is suggested that some physiological factor other than light interception is responsible for the failure to obtain the potential yields. Many soils possess characteristics which do restrict yields. Occurrences of acidity, poor aeration, nutrient deficiency, and water stress due to poor soil structure in various regions of Canada are discussed. It is concluded that the most difficult limitations to overcome are those associated with fine-textured soils with compact, poorly structured subsoils. These soils are frequently wet in the spring delaying planting operations, and/or causing crop losses due to poor aeration. In the summer, crops on these soils may suffer from water stress because of low available water holding capacity and restricted root growth. Although management practices can overcome many limitations, improper management may also lead to loss in productivity. Increases in salinity and soil erosion are serious problems in Canada.Key words: Root-soil interactions, root growth, nutrient absorption, soil acidity, soil aeration, soil-plant water relations.

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