Growth Stages of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench.]1

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Abstract
Research with grain sorghum often involves sampling several times during the growth cycle. Samplings often are designated by calendar date, days after planting or emergence, or plant height. Often these bear little or no actual relationship to the morphological or physiological age or status of the plant. Although certain stages of sorghum growth are fairly well established, the growth cycle of sorghum has not been fully described. Therefore, a standard set of growth stages needs to be defined. Based on detailed studies of grain sorghum hybrids of different maturities, the following ten stages of development have been defined and illustrated: emergence, three‐leaf, five‐leaf, growing‐point, differentiation, final leaf visible in whorl, boot, half‐bloom, soft dough, hard dough, and physiological maturity. These stages are suggested as standards to describe the timing of sampling or treating sorghum.

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