Facile patterning of genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage for directional growth of human fibroblast cells

Abstract
We report a facile strategy for the patterning of cells that utilizes nanofibrous RGD-engineered phages in conjunction with microcontact printing methods to provide human fibroblast cells with specific biochemical and physical cues. This approach can be used for high-throughput screening assays as well as for energy and biosensor development.