Risk Assessment of Carcinogenesis at Implantation Sites

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Abstract
Of the 98 foreign-body or scar-related cancers reported in the literature, > 25% have developed within 15 yr and > 50% within 25 yr. Substantial numbers of various implants have now been in place for 10-20 yr. Since at least 25% of cancer cases should already have occurred, the low number actually observed permits the prediction that the incidence of cancers at implantation sites will remain low. This conclusion is supported by studies on 27 specimens of chronic foreign-body reactions against a variety of implants that had been in situ for 1-19 yr. Employing a cell-culture technique, an attempt was made to identify specific precancer cells in the tissues. None were detected, in contrast to foreign-body reactions of mice, in which the incidence of foreign-body tumors is high.

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