Photophosphorylation by Chloroplasts: Effects of Low Concentrations of Ammonia and Methylamine

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Abstract
Intact chloroplasts exposed to hypotonic assay conditions are capable of photophosphorylating exogenous ADP. The rate of phosphorylation by these unbroken plastids is increased by 10-50% upon the addition of low concentrations (3 or CH3NH2. Stimulation of phosphorylation is abolished by washing chloroplasts with MgCl2. Evidence is presented that washing removes a factor responsible for amine-induced increase of ATP production and that this factor is associated with the thylakoid membrane. Addition of CH3NH2 increased the proton permeability of the thylakoid membrane of unbroken and washed chloroplasts during the light/dark transition. Hence, differences of the membrane permeability for protons between the two preparations seem not to be responsible for an increase of ATP production upon the addition of amines. Stimulation of photophosphorylation by methylamine is observed even at light itensities which do not saturate the proton motive force, which in turn is reduced upon the addition of the uncoupler. Apparently, phosphorylation can be stimulated, although the limiting driving force is diminished. It is concluded that phosphorylation by unbroken chloroplasts under low light illumination is limited kinetically, not energetically. Consequences of these findings for observation made with intact chloroplasts are discussed.

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