Efficacy and Tolerability of Levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures: A Multicenter, Double‐Blind, Responder‐Selected Study Evaluating Monotherapy

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Abstract
Summary: Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy in selected patients with refractory partial seizures. Methods: In this multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, responder‐selected study, patients were randomized (2:1 ratio) to receive oral LEV 1500 mg twice daily or placebo during a 12‐week add‐on phase. Treatment responders (patients with a reduction in partial seizure frequency of 50% or more compared with baseline) entered a monotherapy phase that included a maximum 12‐week down‐titration period and 12 weeks of monotherapy at 1500 mg twice daily. In both phases, responder rate, seizure frequency, and adverse events were analyzed. Results: A total of 286 patients (placebo, n = 105; LEV, n = 181) entered the add‐on phase, and 86 patients (placebo, n = 17; LEV, n = 69) were eligible for the monotherapy phase. Thirty‐six of 181 patients (19.9%) who received LEV completed the entire study compared with only 10 of 105 patients (9.5%) in the placebo group (p = 0.029). The odds of completing the study on LEV were 2.36 times (95% confidence interval, 1.08, 5.57) higher than on placebo. The responder rate during the add‐on phase was significantly higher in the LEV group compared with the placebo group (42.1% vs. 16.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). In the LEV monotherapy group, the median percent reduction in partial seizure frequency compared with baseline was 73.8% (p = 0.037), with a responder rate of 59.2%. Nine patients (18.4%) remained seizure‐free on LEV monotherapy. Conclusions: Conversion to LEV monotherapy (1500 mg twice daily) is effective and well tolerated in patients with refractory partial seizures who responded to 3000 mg/d LEV as add‐on therapy.