Evaluation of a Series of Reactive Ionic, Nonionic, and Hydrophobic Compounds as Antistatic Agents for Wool

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Abstract
Over thirty reactive, ionic, and nonionic compounds were evaluated as possible antistatic agents for wool. The reactive groups included mono- and dichloro-s-triazine, epoxy, γ-chlorohydrin, β-sulphato ethyl sulphone, aceto-s-thiosulphate, and chlo roacetyl groups. The ionic groups were sulphonate, sulphate, sulphamate, carboxylate, phosphonate, and quarternary ammonium groups; the nonionic groups were poly ethylene glycols (PEGs) ranging in molecular weight from 200 to 6000. Anionic and hydrophobic groups have little effect on electrical resistance mea surements, in marked contrast to the cationics. For nonionics, as the molecular weight of the PEG increased, the electrical resistance decreased, reaching a minimum at molecular weight 600 after which the electrical resistance increased, until for PEGs of molecular weight exceeding 2000, the antistatic effect was lost. A synergism appears to exist between the PEG600 and cationic groups both in simple mixtures of the two compounds and for covalently bonded products made from them. On the basis of these observations, an idealized model antistat is proposed which should allow the production of wash fast antistatic wool.

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