BIPLANE TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: TECHNIQUE, ANATOMY AND IMAGING PLANES

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Abstract
To determine the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in dogs, biplane TEE was performed in 6 normal, anesthetized dogs, using a 10 mm × 110 cm endoscopic TEE transducer. Positioning was confirmed by fluoroscopy, and imaging planes were confirmed by necropsy examination.A transgastric position provided only a limited view of the left ventricular apex. Three TEE positions over the base of the heart were identified. A caudal position provided excellent images in both transverse and longitudinal planes, but alignment with flow for Doppler examination was poor. A middle position provided long axis views of the left ventricular inflow region and mitral valve suitable for Doppler examination. A cranial position provided excellent views for both anatomic and Doppler examination of right and left ventricular outflow and associated great vessels.We conclude that biplane TEE provides unique views of the heart in dogs which are complementary to, and often superior to, transthoracic views for evaluation of structures at the heart base.