Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) on Auckland Island: Status, and effects on vegetation and nesting sea birds

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Abstract
This paper describes the past and present status of feral pigs on subantarctic Auckland Island, and their effects on the island's flora and fauna. It is based on historical records and a survey made during the summer of 1972–73. The pigs originate from a liberation at Port Ross in 1807. These animals thrived and increased in numbers, and by 1880 had spread throughout the island. They were numerous around Port Ross 33–45 years after their liberation but declined soon after, and may have died out locally. Since then pig densities at the northern end of the island have remained relatively low. When at high densities the pigs fed chiefly on the large‐leaved species of Pleurophyllum, Stilbocarpa, and Anisotome, and these have been virtually eliminated on accessible sites; it is likely that the pigs’ impact on nesting sea bird populations was greatest at this time also. During the 1972–73 survey pigs were found in the high country and along the coast at both ends of the island in comparably low numbers. Observations were made on the population, breeding success, and food habits of this population. The pigs appear to be no longer changing the island's vegetation or the numbers and distribution of nesting sea birds. If this population is left undisturbed, the present level of balance between the pigs and their modified environment should continue.

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