Electromyography of static and dynamic postures of the body supported on the arms.

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Abstract
Surface electrodes were used to record electrical activity of muscles of three gymnasts during an exercise sequence on a pommeled horse. The body was supported on the arms in a static position followed by a sideways swing. The muscles studied were trapezius, serratus anterior, latis-simus-dorsi, teres-major, infraspinatus, pectoralis-major, deltoideus, biceps-brachii, triceps-brachii, flexor-carpi radialis, extensor-carpi-radialis -brevis, rectus-abdominis, obliquus-externus-abdominis, and erector-spinae. The rhythmical interplay of the right and left group muscles and the marked sudden bursts of activity of specific duration and sequence indicated the co-ordination and skill required to accomplish the movements. The electromyogram was reproducible in each individual and between subjects. The change in the intensity of electrical activity enabled comparison of muscle action to maintain static positions, to activate movements, and to control accelerated swings. The most active muscles were the anterior-deltoid and the depressors, i.e., triceps-brachii, pectoralis-major, latissimus-dorsi and trapezius. The muscle activity for trunk movement over the fixed arms is discussed in relation to traditional anatomical terminology.

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