Long‐term effects of PO4 fertilization on the distribution of bryophytes in an arctic river

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Abstract
SUMMARY: 1. Each year since 1983, H3PO4 has been added continuously during the ice‐free season to a P‐limited tundra river (Kuparuk River, North Slope, Alaska). Effects on epilithic metabolism, invertebrate community structure and fish production developed quickly.2. In 1990, 7 years after fertilization began, we noted extensive coverage by bryophytes within the fertilized reach of the river, where very little had been noted before. Bryophyte biomass from a limited set of quadrats taken in 1990 and 1991 yielded 17 ± 9 (SE) g dry mass m−2 in control reaches and 322 ± 96 g dry mass m−2 in fertilized reaches.3. An initial survey of macroalgal and bryophyte cover in 1991 suggested that the moss Schistidium (Grimmia) agassizii was distributed in both control and fertilized reaches of the river. No clear difference in coverage by this species was found in either reach.4. In contrast, two species of Hygrohypnum (H. alpestre and H. ochraceum) were found almost exclusively in the fertilized reach. An extensive point transect survey done in 1992, above, within and below the fertilized reach, indicated that increased cover and biomass of Hygrohypnum spp. were confined to the fertilized reach of the river. Detrended correspondence analysis clearly separated the macrophyte and macroalgal communities in the fertilized reach from those in the control and downstream reaches.5. A fourth bryophyte species (Fontinalis neomexicana) also occurred almost exclusively in the fertilized reach, but was much less abundant than the Hygrohypnum species.6. Analysis of total N and P in the tissues of the Hygrohypnum spp., and estimates of average coverage (∼15%) and biomass (∼150g dry weight m−2) over an 8km fertilized reach, suggest that these species alone may have removed two‐thirds of the P added in the fertilizer experiment. The bryophyte community in this river is likely to be the dominant sink for P in the fertilized reach.