Large Marine Ecosystems: An Emerging Paradigm for Fishery Sustainability

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Abstract
Large marine ecosystems (LMEs) are areas of ocean space with distinct bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, and trophic relationships. On a global scale, researchers have described 50 LMEs; these areas account for 95% of the annual global marine fishery yields. Retrospective analyses of the principal forces driving changes in the yields and sustainability of fisheries biomass have been completed for 33 of the LMEs. Based on the results of these studies, working groups within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Marine Fisheries Service have developed a five-module strategic approach for strengthening the links between science-based assessments of changing LME states and socioeconomic benefits of long-term sustainability of fisheries. The modules provide a framework for developing countries to improve assessment and management of LME fisheries, habitat, and related pollution reduction needs. The LME projects currently funded or being developed in collaboration with the...

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