Coincident Secretion of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Early Postpartum Beef Cows: Effects of Suckling and Low-Level Increases of Systemic Progesterone 1

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Abstract
An experiment was conducted with beef cows during the first 2 wk postpartum (PP) to determine the effects of suckling and low-level increases of systemic progesterone on secretory characteristics of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) in peripheral plasma. Variables measured included mean gonadotropin concentrations, FSH/LH pulse frequencies, pulse amplitudes and synchrony of coincident release. Suckled (S) cows had lower (P < 0.01-P < 0.05) mean concentrations of FSH and LH in plasma, lower (P < 0.05) FSH and LH pulse frequencies and a lower (P < 0.05) pulse synchrony (21.6 vs. 72.3% coincident pulses) than nonsuckled (NS) cows on Day 7 PP. Neither FSH nor LH pulse amplitude was affected by suckling. Similar differences existed for mean gonadotropin concentrations, pulse frequencies and pulse synchrony on Day 14 PP between S and NS cows. Implanting cows with progesterone implants on Day 7 PP, which chronically increased plasma progesterone to 0.5-0.6 ng/ml, increased (P < 0.05) mean plasma FSH and LH concentrations, FSH and LH pulse frequencies and pulse synchrony (87.5 vs. 66.3%) in NS-implanted (NSI) vs. NS-nonimplanted (NSNI) cows. Progesterone implants had no beneficial effect in S cows. Three major findings seem pertinent: associated with the suckling-induced depression of episodic gonadotropin release was a marked decline in FSH/LH pulse synchrony; a high degree of FSH/LH pulse synchrony (72-88%) was restored in the absence of suckling when gonadotropin pulse frequency increased to 4-5/6 h; the absence of suckling, followed by the provision of low-level progesterone stimulation for 7 days, appeared to have additive effects on FSH and LH secretion. These results provide evidence that the neuroendocrine block associated with suckling in early PP beef cows is, in addition to being associated with depressed LH release, composed of characteristic anomalies in FSH secretion, FSH/LH pulse synchrony and failure to respond to a putative hypothalamo-hypophyseal potentiator, progesterone.

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