The Effect of Rate of Flow on Rate of Dyeing II–The Mechanism of Fluid Flow through Textiles and its Significance in Dyeing

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Abstract
It is suggested that, in spite of its well–known limitations (/), the Kozeny–Carman equation can provide a reasonably satisfactory description of the major features of fluid flow through textile materials, provided that the fluid flow is streamline and that the permeability of the yarns themselves is taken into account. Equations are presented that enable an estimate to be made of the amount of the fluid flow that passes through the yarns, as opposed to passing around them, and these equations are shown to provide a satisfactory description of the variation of the permeability of cross–wound cotton–yarn packages with package density. The consequences of the proposed mechanism of fluid flow are discussed briefly, in so far as they are relevant to dyeing.

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